Ac compressor repair manual

Your manual pays for itself over and over again. Select your year to find out more. You'll get the following service information and more depending on your vehicle's configuration :. Getting the repair info you need has never been easier.

With your online Lincoln MKT repair manual from RepairSurge, you can view the information on your computer or mobile device. Want to print it out? You can do that too. This service manual has been elaborated to help ser-vice personnel to provide efficient and correct service and maintenance on the TM08, TM13, TM15 TM16 model compressors for HFCa for automotive air conditioning.

This manual includes the operation specifications, procedures for disassembly, reassembly and inspection of the compressor. Carrier is a brand name manufacturer of air conditioners in the US.

Started by Willis Carrier in , the company has a long history of making important contributions to the air conditioning industry. It is, today, one of the largest manuf. Reading is an essential skill that students use throughout their school career and into adulthood. The Ra is drawn through the suction port into these chambers, which become smaller as the rotor turns. The discharge port is located at the point where the gas is fully compressed. The vanes are sealed against the rotor housing by centrifugal force and lubricating oil.

The oil sump and oil pump are located on the discharge side, so that the high pressure forces oil through the oil pump and then onto the base of the vanes keeping them sealed against the rotor housing. During idle an occasional vane noise from the compressor may be heard. Compressor Mount Manufactured of either plate, cast iron, steel or aluminium, this bracket should exhibit excellent noise absorption qualities especially if using a piston type compressor.

Idler Pulley A small pulley normally used in conjunction with a belt adjusting mechanism, also used when a belt has a long distance between pulleys to absorb belt vibrations. The clutch is used to transmit the power from the engine crankshaft to the compressor by means of a drive belt. When the clutch is not engaged the compressor shaft does not rotate and refrigerant does not circulate the rotor pulley free wheels.

The field coil is actually an electromagnet, once energized it draws the pressure plate towards it, locking the rotor pulley and the pressure plate together causing the compressor internals to turn, creating pressure and circulating refrigerant. Ariazone recomends PAOil as best automotive compressor lubricant. This is a fully synthetic oil, carefully blended to be a superior oil.

It is so good that it can be used in all automotive compressors, whatever the brand. It's a non-agressive, safe oil that won't effect seals or hoses and is compatible with other lubricants.

And it's non-hygroscopic. Open containers only when ready to use. Cap container immediately after use. Ra entering the condenser will be a high-pressure high temperature vapor.

As the Ra vapor travels through the tubes of the condenser heat is given off to the cooler ambient air; the refrigerant vapor condenses and changes to a liquid state. At this point a large amount of heat is given off by the Ra.

The refrigerant will now be a hot, high pressure liquid. Design types Serpentine This type of condenser consists of one long tube which is coiled over and back on itself with cooling fins in between the tubes.

Parallel flow design Recommended for Ra This design is very similar to a cross flow radiator. Instead of refrigerant travelling through one passage like serpentine type , it can now travel across numerous passages.

This will give larger surface area for the cooler ambient air to contact. As ambient air is drawn through condenser by the condenser or radiator fan, its temperature increases.

If gaps are present between the condenser and radiator this heated air can be circulated back through the condenser. Condenser electric fan Most vehicles with air conditioning require an electric fan to assist air flow, either pushing or pulling the air through the Conventional Skew condenser, depending on which side of the By reversing the fan condenser the fan is placed. Also most modern vehicles now Basic Circuit have smaller grilles or bumper bar openings. This causes poor air flow Comppresor conditions especially by the amount of air flow over the condenser.

Ra - R12 Comparison Increased use operation time with Ra systems due to higher refrigerant temperature. As this liquid passes through the evaporator coil, heat moves from Same design as the serpentine the warm air blowing across the evaporator condenser but approximately five times fins into cooler refrigerant. This air that has deeper. This causes the refrigerant to change from a low- pressure cold liquid into a cold vapor.

Latent heat of evaporation. As the warmer air blows across the evaporator fins, moisture contained in that air humidity will condense on the cooler evaporator fins.

This is accomplished by the thermal expansion 7. F1 Pressures in control As shown in the illustration, the TXV controls the refrigerant flow by using a 2. Sealed tube filled with refrigerant.

This 4. The capillary tube sensing bulb 3 is attached to the evaporator 6. F3 outlet tube surface. F2 - Pressure compensation tube 9. F2 This is a hollow tube connected to the evaporator outlet tube and senses the High Pressure liquid pressure of the Ra refrigerant leaving the evaporator coil. Other TX valves may 1. From Filter Drier 6.

Spring not use this tube as pressure is provided 2. To Evaporator Inlet 7. Diaphragm internally within the valve. Capillary tube 8. Refrigerant 4. Metering Orifice 9. Pressure Compensating F3 - Pressure spring 5. Ball valve Tube This spring 6 is located under the ball valve 5. TXV - Open Operation 8. Open 7. When the evaporator outlet tube F1 temperature increases, the refrigerant 3 in the capillary tube expands, forcing the diaphragm 7 downwards and thus 2.

Pressure 5. Closed As the evaporator outlet tube becomes cooler, the refrigerant in the capillary tube 3 contracts. Forces F2 and F3 cause the diaphragm 7 and pin A to move upward 6. F2 flow. The outlet tube gets warmer and the High Pressure liquid process starts over. Operation of the block It is sensed by changes in the refrigerant temperature and pressure Low passing from the evaporator outlet through Pressure the block valve.

Liquid 1. As the refrigerant from the outlet side of the evaporator passes over the sensing element 12 , expansion or contraction of the High refrigerant takes place causing the activating 5. Pressure pin 8 to move the ball valve 6 away or Liquid 6. This allows 8. F3 evaporator coil inlet. Pressures in control 1. From Filter Drier 8. Activating Pin As shown in the illustration, the block valve 2.

To Evaporator Inlet 9. Refrigerant controls refrigerant flow by using a system of 3. From Evaporator Pressure Compensation opposing pressures which we will call: 4.

To Compressor under Diaphragm 5. Metering Orifice Metallic Diaphragm 6. Ball Sensing Element F1 - Temperature sensing 7. Spring This is a sealed diaphragm and sensor containing refrigerant. As refrigerant leaving the evaporator coil outlet passes over TXV - Closed sensing element 12 the refrigerant 9 F2 F2 - Pressure compensation This is a passage 10 in the block valve 3. F3 - Pressure spring This spring 7 is located under the ball valve 6 and acts as an opposing force trying to 5.

High Pressure move the ball valve towards the metering 6. Liquid orifice 12 and to reduce refrigerant flow to 7. The thermal expansion valve TXV values are preset at factory to compensate for the super heat. This causes a pressure drop and temperature drop in the Ra entering the evaporator. The rate of flow depends on the pressure difference across the restriction. A fine gauze filter is located at the inlet and outlet sides of the orifice tube to filter any contaminates from passing onto the evaporator.

The silica gel beads desiccant located in the FDR absorb small quantities of moisture thus preventing acid establishment. Strainer Most Ra filter dryers have NO sight glass. This is because at approximately C refrigerant temperature the PAG oil will foam giving a false impression of low gas charge. If the FDR does utilize a sight glass ensure correct diagnosis when viewing.

Note: Ensure the connection indicated with the word "IN" is connected to the condenser outlet. The normal process of the Orifice Tube system works when Ra leaves the evaporator coil as a mixture of vapor and liquid. This liquid enters the accumulator and falls to the bottom. The vapor rises to the top and continues onto compressor. The liquid Ra in the bottom of the accumulator gradually vaporizes off. This vapor rises, then pulls into the compressor.

Other manufacturers could use "O" rings of a different color and size. Ensure that only the approved "O" ring is used for the type of system being serviced or repaired. This is to reduce the normal refrigerant leakage that would naturally occur through the porosity of rubber hoses. The PAG oil and hydrogen contained in the Ra causes the normal R12 nitrile hoses to rapidly deteriorate. A plastic cap with rubber seal is used to close the charge port opening and avoid leaking.

A dedicated design of charging valve has also been developed to suit the Ra charging ports. Most schrader valves will leak slightly. Ensure that the plastic protection cap is fitted. Schrader valves designed for Ra must only be used in Ra systems. This is because of the seal material used. If an "under" or "over" system pressure occurs the pressure switch will "open circuit" breaking the circuit to the compressor clutch.

Also an RPM increase generally takes place to avoid engine stall whilst at idle. These coiled wires are of varied thickness. The current flows through either one or a combination of all the coils.

The resistance of the coil s alter the blower speeds. The highest blower speed when selected Fan Speed is normally from direct battery voltage via Resistance a relay. Coils Electronic Electronic Type The function of the electronic controller is Electronic to convert low current signals from the Modiual ECM to a higher current, varying the voltage to the blower motor. Blower speeds may be infinity variable and usually can use up to 13 speeds. This type of speed controller is normally used with the electronic climate control ECC system.

The highest blower speed Heat when selected is normally from direct Sink battery voltage via a relay. When the temperature of the evaporator coil approaches freezing Switch 00C , this temperature is sensed by the Point thermostat capillary tube which is in contact with the evaporator fins.

The capillary tube Bellows contains refrigerant which expands or Filled with contracts depending on the temperature on Refrigerant this tube. When the evaporator temperature rises again to a preset point 4 - 5 0C the thermostat points then close.

The refrigerant in the capillary tube has expanded sensing a warmer evaporator coil and the electrical circuit is re- established to the compressor clutch.

The thermistor is a sensing probe but unlike the thermostat capillary tube it senses the air temperature coming off the evaporator coil. Thermistor Electrical wiring containing a sensor which is a NTC resistor.

Negative Temperature Co-efficient. Thermistor Amplifier A small electronic device containing a circuit board and electrical components. Economy mode This function is normally associated with the use of a thermistor amplifier.

This means the compressor stays on for a lesser time, decreasing engine load and improving fuel economy and engine performance. This pressure switch is electrically connected in series with the compressor clutch. Once the low side pressure reaches approximately kPa, the compressor clutch is deactivated by the pressure switch opening.

Once the compressor is deactivated the low pressure rises followed by the evaporator coil temperature rising. At a pre-determined low pressure point, the pressure switch reactivates the compressor clutch.

The evaporator temperature lowers again and the compressor re-engages. Note: Normally a low pressure cut off switch is not used with a pressure cycling switch as the pressure cycling switch is located on the low side.

It serves as a low pressure cut off also. During these periods, the control valve maintains a bleed from crankcase to suction.

Crankcase pressure is therefore equal to suction pressure. The wobble plate angle, and therefore compressor displacement is at its maximum. The control valve maintains a bleed from discharge to crankcase and prevents a bleed from crankcase to suction. The wobble plate angle, and therefore compressor displacement is reduced or minimized.

This magnet field is constant as long as the clutch is applied. When the power is removed the magnetic field collapses and creates high voltage spikes. These spikes are harmful to the ECM and must be prevented.

A diode placed across the clutch coil provides a path to ground. This diode is usually taped inside the clutch coil connector. Diode Compressor Thermal Clutch Protection Switch Thermal protection switch The thermal protection switch is normally located on the compressor housing. This protection switch is used to prevent compressor damage through internal friction. This switch senses the compressor case temperature and once this case temperature reaches a predetermined figure the electrical circuit to the compressor clutch is interrupted.

As the thermal protection switch is connected in series with the compressor clutch once the Fixed compressor case temperature lowers to a Contact predetermined figure the compressor clutch is Bimetalic then re-energized.

Condenser fan control kPa Medium pressure example Used to engage the condenser fan at a pre- determined refrigerant pressure. Example: Condenser fan high speed activation at kPa refrigerant pressure. These switches can be individual or a combination of the two or even three pressure ranges. It provides a 0. In operation the transducer sensor applies pressure via the deflection of a two piece ceramic diaphragm with one half being a parallel plate capacitor.

Changes in capacitance influenced by the refrigerant pressure under the ceramic diaphragm are converted to an analog output by the transducer integral signal electronics. The pressure transducer's electronics are on a flexible circuit board contained in the upper section of the transducer and provide linear calibration of the capacitance signal from the ceramic sensing diaphragm.